The history of Douro wine is long. It is one of the oldest and most famous wine regions in Portugal. It’s a region is known for high quality wines, especially Port wine.
Wine production in this area dates back to Roman times. The Romans were the first to develop viticulture on the steep slopes of the Douro River valley. They built terraces on the hillsides and planted vines, recognising the unique potential of the soil of the Douro hillsides for wine production. Though it was during the 18th century that Douro wine production reached its peak.
At that time, Port wine began to gain prominence and to be exported on a large scale to England. The British fell in love with Port wine and trade between Portugal and England flourished.
The first demarcated wine region
To protect the authenticity and quality of Port wine, the Douro region became the world´s first demarcated region in 1756.
Marquês de Pombal implemented regulations where he established specific areas where grapes for Port wine could be grown. This pioneering action was crucial to establish the Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) system and guarantee the authenticity and quality of wines in Portugal.
Steep slopes and sunshine
Firstly, the unique soil of the region, with steep slopes, schistose soils and a continental climate. These characteristics give Douro wines a unique identity, with concentrated flavours, complex structure and distinct mineral notes.
Second is the way the vines are laid out in terraced vineyards, with terraces built into the slopes of the hills. This is essential for growing vines in a rugged terrain like that of the Douro and allow maximum sun exposure, resulting in high quality grapes and wines of great character.
In third place are the autochthonous grape varieties, i.e. the varieties of grapes native to the region. Grape varieties such as Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Touriga Franca, Tinto Cão and many others are characteristic of the Douro and contribute to the complexity and authenticity of the region´s wines.
Port wine: the star of the region
But the top spot goes to Port wine, which has its own market. It is a fortified wine, produced from grapes grown in the Douro and aged in cellars in Vila Nova de Gaia, near the Douro River. Port wine is known for its sweetness and aromatic richness and capacity for prolonged ageing, which is its genesis. It is a distinct and unique appellation of controlled origin (DOC), which places the Douro in a special position in the world of wines.
Douro’s rich and earthy reds
Over the centuries, Douro wine production has evolved, with technological advances and improvements in winemaking techniques. Douro wines have become known not only for their Port wine, but also for their high quality red and white wines.
The Douro region is one of the most prestigious wine regions in Portugal and also in the world. Douro wines are known for their elegance, richness and longevity. Wine tourism plays an important role in the Douro region, with many tourists enjoying the landscapes on foot or by boat, with visits to historic wineries and wine tastings.
Overall, the Douro wine story is one of tradition, innovation and quality. This region and its wine stand out for their uniqueness, their exceptional soil, their native grape varieties. These factors combined make Douro wines recognized and appreciated all over the world.
Author: Paulo Lopes
