On April 25, 1974, Portugal witnessed a profound turning point in its history – the Carnation Revolution. What began as a coup by a group of organized soldiers transformed into a peaceful revolution that ended decades of dictatorship and restored freedom to the Portuguese people.
For years, Portugal had been under the oppressive rule of António de Oliveira Salazar's dictatorship. Free speech was suppressed, women couldn't vote or travel without their husband's permission, and children were compelled to sing the national anthem before school. Media, art, and even imported products were strictly censored. This stifling regime left the country in a state of stagnation and discontent.
The revolution was initiated by a group of military officers who had served in the colonial wars. They formed the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) and, in the early hours of April 25, took control of the Rádio Clube Português. Through this broadcast, they announced their intent to overthrow the regime and restore democracy to Portugal.
As the song Grândola, Vila Morena by José Afonso played on the radio – a covert signal for the revolution to begin – a military column marched from Santarém toward Lisbon. The people, inspired and united by the promise of freedom, poured into the streets to support the movement. What started as a coup evolved into a genuine revolution, driven by the collective will of the people.
Remarkably, this was a peaceful uprising. No violence or casualties occurred, as the military and citizens alike embraced a nonviolent approach. The carnation, placed in the barrels of soldiers' rifles by the people, became a powerful symbol of the revolution, signifying hope and the rebirth of liberty.
The dissatisfaction fueling the revolution was not only political but also social and economic. Forced conscription for colonial wars had driven many to emigrate, creating labor shortages and placing immense pressure on workers. Poor wages, grueling hours, and soaring inflation led to widespread discontent. Despite these hardships, strikes and protests were prohibited under the dictatorship, leaving people voiceless.
The success of the revolution not only ended the dictatorship but also paved the way for a new era. On May 1, 1974, just days after the revolution, Portugal celebrated International Workers’ Day as a public holiday for the first time.
For me, these two dates – April 25 and May 1 – are deeply significant. They remind us of the courage and sacrifices made to secure freedom and democracy. It is crucial for future generations to honor this legacy, understanding the struggle that brought them the rights they enjoy today. Freedom, however, comes with responsibility. By learning from the past and embracing the future, we can build a society that respects both liberty and accountability.
 
NEWS